It would depend on making sure that humanity never ran out of imperfect ones.… When the new cherry variety appeared at the agricultural exhibition, people stopped to stare. The cherries were enormous—almost twice the size of ordinary fruit. Their skin was glossy, their color uniform, and nearly every cherry on the display tray was the same shape. The label read: A-17 — High-Yield Large-Fruit Cultivar Mika, a young plant geneticist, stood beside the display while visitors took photographs. “It looks artificial,” one farmer said. “It is bred,” Mika replied. “Not manufactured.” The distinction mattered. For generations, farmers had selected plants for desirable characteristics: sweeter fruit, stronger stems, earlier flowering, resistance to disease, tolerance of drought. Modern plant breeding had made that process far more precise. Breeders could cross selected parents, analyze thousands of offspring, use molecular markers to identify useful alleles, and incr...