Then, slowly and unpredictably, those institutions changed the human beings who lived inside them.… In the autumn of 2026, Professor Masato Kuroda stood before a graduate seminar at a university in Tokyo. On the screen behind him was a single sentence: “Morality often follows utility.” The students stared at it. Kuroda was a historian of institutions, but he had become increasingly interested in something that historians rarely admitted openly: the possibility that societies frequently discovered their moral principles after discovering what was practically necessary. “Consider modernization,” he said. “We like to tell ourselves that institutions emerge because humanity becomes morally enlightened. But sometimes the sequence is reversed. A practical problem appears first. The moral language arrives afterward.” He clicked the remote. A timeline appeared. Industrialization. Urbanization. Public health. Women’s employment. Immigration. Digitalization. “Take ...