The cheeseburger had simply made that invisible truth impossible to ignore.… When I met Naomi for lunch, she had just returned from a conference on institutional investing. She managed risk models for a pension advisory firm and spent most of her time explaining to executives why uncertainty could never be eliminated—only priced. We entered a crowded hamburger restaurant just after noon. The cashier smiled. “Two cheeseburgers?” Naomi nodded and tapped her phone against the payment terminal. The receipt printed instantly. As we stepped aside to wait, she looked at me. “Do you realize,” she said, “that we’ve already completed the financial transaction?” I glanced toward the kitchen where employees were only beginning to place patties on the grill. “The burgers don’t even exist yet.” She laughed. “Exactly. If you described this to someone with no understanding of modern commerce, they’d probably call it fraud.” The meat had n...