a remarkably long transitional era that prepared the conditions for the moment when efficiency would cease to be humanity’s defining project and become the natural state of an intelligent technological ecosystem.… When Dr. Elena Sato addressed the opening session of the 2032 International Conference on Autonomous Systems in Geneva, she began with an unusual question. “What if the Industrial Revolution was only the warm-up?” The audience laughed politely, expecting another speech about artificial general intelligence, humanoid robots, or automated factories. Instead, she displayed a timeline. Stone tools. The wheel. Writing. Steam engines. Electricity. Computers. The Internet. Deep learning. Foundation models. General-purpose robotics. Physical AI. Then she erased almost the entire timeline with a single swipe, leaving only the last two entries. “I believe,” she said, “that future historians may compress ...