History is the only place where certainty can finally come to rest.… The first notification arrived at 09:17. “Unconfirmed reports of abnormal vibrations detected at multiple offshore seismic stations. Analysts are assessing whether this represents a routine tectonic swarm or the precursor to a larger event.” Within seconds, financial algorithms adjusted commodity prices, shipping companies rerouted vessels, and emergency managers quietly opened incident dashboards. No one knew whether anything significant was actually happening. Dr. Aiko Nishimura taught decision science at a university in Tokyo. Every year she began her graduate seminar with the same sentence. “Facts belong to the past.” The students usually objected. “What about what’s happening right now?” She smiled. “What you call ‘right now’ is an observation under continuous revision.” She projected two columns onto the screen. Past Earthquake occurred at 08...