“—moves budgets, governments, and entire societies long before anything breaks.”… In the spring of 2026, the city’s emergency planning office sat inside a glass building that overlooked the harbor. Screens glowed softly along the wall, each displaying a different kind of forecast: earthquakes, cyberattacks, pandemics, disinformation campaigns. Dr. Keiko Morita, a risk analyst, stood in front of the largest screen. “Look closely,” she told the new interns. “What you see here are threats.” On the screen were colored icons: a typhoon spiral, a malware symbol, a geopolitical tension map, and a chart of supply-chain disruptions. “But none of these are disasters,” one intern said. “Exactly,” Morita replied. “A threat is not the disaster. It’s the possibility of harm.” In modern security science—whether in disaster planning, cybersecurity, or national defense—a threat is defined as a potential source of harm, something that could ...