Sometimes, it was the one that knew exactly when it should disappear.… The factory had been making ballpoint pens for seventy-three years. Its first machines had been installed when offices still smelled of carbon paper, mimeograph ink, and cigarette smoke. Clerks pressed hard on forms, making three or four copies at once. A pen was expected to write clearly, reliably, and for years. But the world had changed. Invoices were digital. Contracts were signed electronically. Meeting notes appeared directly on laptops and tablets. Even government forms increasingly moved through online portals. The company’s sales department had noticed the change before anyone else. People were still buying pens. They simply weren’t buying them for the same reason. Pens had become almost disposable objects: promotional gifts, conference souvenirs, desk accessories, emergency stationery, things people picked up at convenience stores and forgot in tax...