It might simply be the nation that stayed awake longer.… By 2028, the maps in the Pentagon no longer centered on Europe. They centered on water. The Indian Ocean glowed across wall-sized displays inside the underground briefing room at United States Indo-Pacific Command headquarters in Hawaii. Thin red lines traced oil tanker routes from the Persian Gulf through the Strait of Malacca toward East Asia. Blue icons represented submarines. Yellow dots represented commercial satellites. Every moving ship larger than fifty meters was tagged by machine-learning systems connected to maritime surveillance constellations, underwater acoustic arrays, and long-endurance drones. The Americans called it maritime denial architecture. The Chinese called it strangulation. For twenty years, Chinese strategists had quietly referred to the vulnerability as the “Malacca Dilemma” — the fear that hostile naval forces could cut China’s access to im...