Who might they have become if someone had first asked why morning never arrived in their house?… By the time the admissions committee met in late January, the decision had already become almost automatic. The applicant’s academic scores were high enough to survive the first screening. His mathematics was above average. His reading comprehension suggested unusual intelligence. His interview revealed a child who could discuss astronomy, ancient history, and computer programming with remarkable precision. Yet one line in the application overshadowed everything else. Elementary school attendance: 38%. The private junior high school had expanded its counseling services after Japan’s rapidly growing population of school-refusing children. According to recent government surveys, well over 300,000 elementary and junior high school students are now classified as chronically absent, a figure that has continued to reach record levels in recent years. Educators increasing...